Researchers have proposed a solution to the firewall paradox in Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity by incorporating topological changes into canonical quantization under relational time evolution. The approach introduces an interaction in the black hole interior that allows for a transition between a unique interior sector and a connected two-interior sector. This dynamic description, which considers both the interior and exterior of the black hole, is achieved by dividing the bulk Hilbert space across the event horizon.

This division introduces Lorentz edge modes at the horizon, to which Hawking modes gravitationally couple. The covariance of the resulting algebra provides a precise gravitational realization of the firewall: a unilateral Lorentz transformation of the interior edge mode relative to the exterior, keeping matter fixed, or equivalently, a relative phase between the interior and exterior Hawking partners, keeping the edge modes fixed. Although each topological change transition is exponentially suppressed, evolution over a Page time causes the connected two-interior branch to dominate.

One of these branches is the naive semiclassical interior, which, upon rejoining the exterior, exhibits a non-trivial unilateral Lorentz transformation and thus a firewall. The other interior branch is a zero mode of the unilateral Lorentz transformation generator. Upon rejoining the interior to the exterior, gravitational constraints nullify the firewall branch. In the surviving branch, the horizon vacuum measurement and the early radiation purity measurement become the same Dirac observable. This implies that Page time dynamics induce a large diffeomorphism in the connected branch, under which the operator algebra of the interior Hawking partner and the decoded early radiation are identified.