The future space-based gravitational wave observatory LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) could be capable of detecting classical nova explosions, a phenomenon occurring in binary white dwarf systems. These novae, involving rapid mass transfer and explosive ejection, induce a sudden shift in the frequency of gravitational waves emitted by the system. A recent study has modeled this effect and predicts the detectability of these explosions, as well as potential biases in parameter estimation if not properly accounted for.

Close binary white dwarf systems are one of the primary sources of gravitational waves for LISA. While previous studies have considered steady-state mass transfer, the impact of novae on gravitational wave observations and parameter estimation had been less explored. The new work addresses this gap, modeling a nova as a rapid loss of mass from the accreting object that abruptly shifts the gravitational wave frequency.

Researchers have analytically calculated the signal-to-noise ratios required for direct detection of a nova and identified when mismodeling bias would exceed statistical uncertainty. Furthermore, they propose a method for model-agnostic detection of these bursts by comparing two halves of future LISA data. This approach would not only allow for the identification and classification of individual nova events but also offer a new avenue for constraining the galactic nova rate, a notoriously challenging task for optical surveys.