Low-energy lepton (electron and positron) scattering offers a unique window into investigating the long-range dynamics in the baryonic sector of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). This approach is crucial for understanding how chiral symmetry breaking and the $\Delta$ resonance influence nucleon properties. Recent research proposes specific studies that could be performed using combined electron and positron beams with laboratory energies $E_{e\pm} \lesssim$ 500 MeV, allowing for a detailed exploration of fundamental interactions within the proton and neutron.

Among the proposed studies is the analysis of chiral dynamics in nucleon elastic form factors at low $Q^2$ values. This would provide information on the peripheral charge and current densities of the nucleon, revealing how the internal structure of these particles is affected by chiral interactions. Another key point is the investigation of two-photon exchange effects, which can be observed through the target normal single-spin asymmetry and beam charge asymmetry, in both elastic and inclusive scattering, particularly in the excitation of the $\Delta$ resonance.

Finally, the possibility of measuring generalized nucleon polarizabilities through virtual Compton scattering experiments is raised. Beam charge asymmetry measurements in these processes are essential for disentangling the contributions of polarizabilities, which describe how the nucleon's internal structure is distorted under the influence of virtual electromagnetic fields. These combined electron and positron experiments are vital for obtaining a more complete and precise picture of the fundamental structure and interactions of nucleons, providing crucial data to refine theoretical QCD models in the low-energy regime.