A recent study has explored the behavior of compact objects, such as neutron stars, under the framework of modified f(Q) gravity. This theory introduces a gravitational interaction mediated by non-metricity Q, deviating from Einstein's General Relativity. The researchers employed an anisotropic equation of state and assumed a linear f(Q) function with respect to Q, utilizing the Krori-Barua metric to solve the field equations. The primary objective was to determine how this modification of gravity affects the properties of neutron stars.

The analysis focused on four specific pulsars: LMC X-4, SMC X-4, Cen X-3, and Vela X-1. For each, the anisotropy factor was calculated, finding that this component is positive and increases monotonically, suggesting that nuclear forces can counteract gravitational attraction in these objects. Furthermore, the mass-radius relationship was investigated, and it was confirmed that the compactness of these pulsars remains within the Buchdahl limit for various values of the metric parameter 'a'. This reinforces the interpretation that these pulsars could be neutron stars in a modified f(Q) gravity environment.

The authors also calculated the model's mass and performed a Chi-Squared test using thirty different values of 'a' to compare observed masses with those predicted by the model. Additionally, the evolution of the surface redshift was examined, as well as whether the compact objects described in the model maintain their compact nature. These results provide a new perspective on the internal structure and stability of neutron stars in alternative theories of gravity, opening avenues for future observations that could discriminate between gravitational models.